The dependent variable utilized in this study was the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds as it is the most common screening instrument used for the detection of antenatal and post natal. The 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is an established screening tool for postnatal depression. Please circle the number next to the answer which comes closest to how you. Depression is a leading source of morbidity and health loss in australian women. Therefore, perinatal screening for depression is recommended in some countries accortt and wong, 2017 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a commonly used selfreport questionnaire. A recent study indicated that the epds may be further abbreviated to a three question version which can be used to screen for postpartum. As you have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Several studies have used the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, developed to screen new mothers, also for new fathers. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in multiple languages. Paternal perinatal depression assessed by the edinburgh. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this.
You may feel guilty that you dont feel the way you expected to. Validation andor translation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale 88 22. This study investigates the determinants of antenatal depressive symptoms and postnatal depressive symptoms in an australian population, including people from culturally and linguistically diverse cald backgrounds. Inconsistent findings in factor structure and replication difficulties have limited the scope of development of the measure as a multidimensional tool. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. The identification of severity ranges for the edinburgh. As you are pregnant or have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Validating the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as a. These women, between the eighth and the twelfth week after delivery, were admnistered the epds and diagnosed according the dsmiiir criteria using the mini interview.
Screening for depressive and anxiety disorders australian. Postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. A meta analysis found some support for exercise as an adjunctive treatment for postnatal depression but the methodological inadequacy of the few small. It also outlines the importance of the broader specialist role of mental health services in addressing the needs of parents at risk of developing, or with, mental health problems. The study used a retrospective cohort of mothers of all live births in public health facilities in. Aug 25, 2017 edinburgh postnatal depression scale in multiple languages authorowner. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale is available in many languages. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. Phone visit measures measurement pv1pv2pv3pv4pv5pv6pv7pv8pv9 sleep questionnaire. Establishing a coherent and replicable measurement model of. Screening recommendations postpartum support international.
The validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Page 4 of 4 child opportunity index geocoded and census data tenncare participation insurance status e. The scale can be used at six to eight weeks after birth or during pregnancy. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside of the postpartum period. The epds is a widely used screening tool to identify clinically significant levels of depression in postpartum women. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this document is available in english as well as in languages other than english. Scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english. This tool which is for identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression is available in multiple languages. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale black dog institute. The impact of education, country, race and ethnicity on the. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. Action towards causes and treatment pact consortium. Matthey s, valenti b, souter k et al 20b comparison of four selfreport measures and a generic mood question to screen for anxiety during. Studies in new zealand using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, appendix 1 have reported rates of postnatal depression of 8%.
The objective of the study was to validate the epds as a screening tool for postpartum depression in kathmandu, nepal. Discuss and enquire about depressive symptoms and complete the edinburgh post natal depression scale epds if not previously carried out undertake routine enquiry for gender based violence and risk assessment undertaken following disclosure build on and strengthen therapeutic relationship between practitioner and motherfamily. The present study established severity cutoff scores for the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds based on a widely used depression symptom severity measure, the beck depression inventory bdi. The effectiveness of exercise as a treatment for postnatal.
Antenatal depressive symptoms, a history of major depressive disorder, or. The epds is a reliable and valid measure of mood in fathers. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale mcpap for moms. Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental health. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of mood for the diagnosis of pnd to be made. Feb 23, 2015 if the answer is yes to any of these questions, or if there is clinical concern, further assessment is required. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale request pdf. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds instructions. The estimates of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value, being based on a large random sample, offer improved guidelines for the use of the epds by the. Oct 21, 2016 edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is considered well accepted screening tool for postpartum depression ppd.
Emotional changes after giving birth espanol spanish bilingual pdf. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale results pdf pediatric symptom checklist 17 psc17. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator. After extensive pilot interviews a validation study was carried out on 84 mothers using the research diagnostic criteria for depressive illness obtained from goldbergs standardised psychiatric interview. One hundred and three post partum women completed the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds and were interviewed using the diagnostic interview schedule.
If this happens, you should seek help urgently see page 12. Matthey s, fisher j, rowe h 20a using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen for anxiety disorders. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds is a 10item questionnaire. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds novopsych. Postpartum major depression american family physician. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale pdf sample letter to patients doctor re. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period.
Postnatal depression is an underrecognised disorder. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. Summary quality of evidence and practice recommendations for preventive interventions 9 25. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10item questionnaire that was developed to identify women who have postpartum depression. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could not quite so much now denitely not so much now not. Postnatal depression is poorly identified in the community. Psychotic symptoms a small number of women with very severe depression develop psychotic symptoms. Oct 15, 2010 postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. Postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing and rates of help seeking for postnatal depression are generally low, making screening important. Please check the answer that comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. For use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum. Postnatal depression can have a substantial impact on the woman, the child and family as a whole.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a short 10item self report questionnaire designed to identify mothers at risk for prenatal and and postnatal depression. The questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum. A sample of 1 women has been recruited for the italian validation of edinburgh post natal depression scale epds. This study aimed to further contribute to this knowledge by compari. Thus, there is a need to examine different ways of helping women experiencing postnatal depression. A clean copy without scores is given on the preceding page. Determinants of antenatal depression and postnatal depression. During the pilot study, the overwhelming conclusion of participating obgyn practices was that the epds was useful. The development of a 10item selfreport scale epds to screen for postnatal depression in the community is described. For a copy in another language call the uic perinatal consultation line at 18005736121. It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period and is useful in identifying symptoms of anxiety.
Characteristics of the edinburgh post natal depression scale in the netherlands. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno. For the purposes of this toolkit, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale was selected due to its high specificity, high predictive value and its validation in numerous countries and languages. Detection of postnatal depression the british journal of. The edinburgh post natal depression scale epds was validated on a community sample of 702 women at six weeks post partum using research diagnostic criteria for depression. The epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. This is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m.
The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. To download information click on the selected language. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. This 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. This may be by the use of a formal assessment tool, such as the patient health questionnaire phq9, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale or the generalised anxiety disorder scale gad7. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Epds edinburgh postnatal depression scale and phq9 patient health questionnaire9 the recommended cutoff score for a positive screen using either tool is 10. Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel.
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